Q. what type of treatment is the most effective? Or what are some controverisies?
need to do this for a research essay and having troubles with it.
please provide a source and information thank you!
need to do this for a research essay and having troubles with it.
please provide a source and information thank you!
A. Because of the way you asked this question, I have to warn you, this is not my homework assignment - the areas which must be covered are huge, I will provide several links throughout my notes below. This should help you write your paper.
There is no single treatment for eating disorder. Obesity is also considered an eating disorder with very difficult solutions but we can begin with anorexia and bulimia and BED (Binge Eating Disorder).
Please read the article below as it has an excellent table of possible risk factors which include Biological, Psychological, Developmental and Social Factors which contribute to these conditions and also help to explain why there is no one-stop treatment.
http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/miic-mmac/chap_6-eng.php
Let's define the conditions: "Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that involves an inability to stay at the minimum body weight considered healthy for the person's age and height. Persons with this disorder may have an intense fear of weight gain, even when they are underweight. They may use extreme dieting, excessive exercise, or other methods to lose weight." per a New York Times article.
Bulimia can be a double threat because it "is an illness in which a person binges on food or has regular episodes of significant overeating and feels a loss of control. The affected person then uses various methods -- such as vomiting or laxative abuse -- to prevent weight gain.
Many (but not all) people with bulimia also have anorexia nervosa."
Both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are considered to be mental health issues. It is also important to know that they have a very high death rate - of between 18-20%. It is 12x higher than the total of all other conditions combined for females between 15-24 years of age per a 1999 publication by Carolyn Cavanaugh, "What We Know about Eating Disorders: facts and statistics".
Eating disorders are judged to be the 3rd most common disorder in teenage girls per the Canadian Paediatric Society.
Although we tend to think that it is the girls who want to emulate models who have the highest risk, it is actually female athletes who have a prevalence between 15-62% per "The Eating Source Book" by Carolyn Costin.
One thing that is known is that the earlier the treatment/intervention, the better the chances for a positive outcome.
Because girls as young as 10 years of age have been found with eating disorders, there are additional threats to the health and normal body maturation of this children. Many disorders seem to begin with a fear of being fat - a fear so great that it outranks the fear of cancer, war or parental loss.
Boys are not exempt from eating disorders and in Canada 1 in 5 10th grade boys were either already dieting or planned to do so.
In terms of obesity, it is known that about 95% of people who diet tend to regain their lost weight within 5 years.
With anorexia, bulimia and BED treatment is on three fronts. The first is to try to restore the health and weight of the patient so that they don't die before treatment ends. Counseling is necessary for a prolonged period of time to deal with the varied issues which seem to be at the root of the problems. After this or during it, medications can be prescribed.
Because hospitalization seems to be the best way to control the environment, it is the favored treatment but it is extraordinarily expensive and can literally destroy the financial health of the families. Since a team of specialists is required - psychiatrist, nutritionist, primary care physician, the cost of hospitalization can run as much as $30,000 per month. Most of this expense must be paid by the family because the longer term care for these chronic (long-term) conditions are not covered sufficiently by hospitalization/health insurance. Patients may require repeated hospitalization
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/04/health/04patient.html?_r=1
Home care is a possibility but it is not without emotional cost. And in some cases, financial cost.
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/19/health/research/19anorexia.html
One of the biggest areas of controversy is the financial cost for treatment which may ultimately fail.
Another controversy is the fact that society has bought in to some very unhealthy values concerning appearance over health. This is not new but it is an in-your-face daily bombardment with commercials, magazines, online images, movies, the fashion industry, our competitive sports focus,
additional reading:
http://www.nedic.ca/knowthefacts/statisticsArchive.shtml
Sample programs:
http://www.eatingdisordertreatment.com/discover-the-victorian/how-the-victorian-program-works
http://www.rebeccashouse.org/rebecca_about.asp
You will find some helpful information at the blog below, "Eating Disorder Treatment Options For Beginners"
http://eatingdisordertreatmentoptions.blogspot.com/
There is no single treatment for eating disorder. Obesity is also considered an eating disorder with very difficult solutions but we can begin with anorexia and bulimia and BED (Binge Eating Disorder).
Please read the article below as it has an excellent table of possible risk factors which include Biological, Psychological, Developmental and Social Factors which contribute to these conditions and also help to explain why there is no one-stop treatment.
http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/miic-mmac/chap_6-eng.php
Let's define the conditions: "Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that involves an inability to stay at the minimum body weight considered healthy for the person's age and height. Persons with this disorder may have an intense fear of weight gain, even when they are underweight. They may use extreme dieting, excessive exercise, or other methods to lose weight." per a New York Times article.
Bulimia can be a double threat because it "is an illness in which a person binges on food or has regular episodes of significant overeating and feels a loss of control. The affected person then uses various methods -- such as vomiting or laxative abuse -- to prevent weight gain.
Many (but not all) people with bulimia also have anorexia nervosa."
Both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are considered to be mental health issues. It is also important to know that they have a very high death rate - of between 18-20%. It is 12x higher than the total of all other conditions combined for females between 15-24 years of age per a 1999 publication by Carolyn Cavanaugh, "What We Know about Eating Disorders: facts and statistics".
Eating disorders are judged to be the 3rd most common disorder in teenage girls per the Canadian Paediatric Society.
Although we tend to think that it is the girls who want to emulate models who have the highest risk, it is actually female athletes who have a prevalence between 15-62% per "The Eating Source Book" by Carolyn Costin.
One thing that is known is that the earlier the treatment/intervention, the better the chances for a positive outcome.
Because girls as young as 10 years of age have been found with eating disorders, there are additional threats to the health and normal body maturation of this children. Many disorders seem to begin with a fear of being fat - a fear so great that it outranks the fear of cancer, war or parental loss.
Boys are not exempt from eating disorders and in Canada 1 in 5 10th grade boys were either already dieting or planned to do so.
In terms of obesity, it is known that about 95% of people who diet tend to regain their lost weight within 5 years.
With anorexia, bulimia and BED treatment is on three fronts. The first is to try to restore the health and weight of the patient so that they don't die before treatment ends. Counseling is necessary for a prolonged period of time to deal with the varied issues which seem to be at the root of the problems. After this or during it, medications can be prescribed.
Because hospitalization seems to be the best way to control the environment, it is the favored treatment but it is extraordinarily expensive and can literally destroy the financial health of the families. Since a team of specialists is required - psychiatrist, nutritionist, primary care physician, the cost of hospitalization can run as much as $30,000 per month. Most of this expense must be paid by the family because the longer term care for these chronic (long-term) conditions are not covered sufficiently by hospitalization/health insurance. Patients may require repeated hospitalization
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/04/health/04patient.html?_r=1
Home care is a possibility but it is not without emotional cost. And in some cases, financial cost.
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/19/health/research/19anorexia.html
One of the biggest areas of controversy is the financial cost for treatment which may ultimately fail.
Another controversy is the fact that society has bought in to some very unhealthy values concerning appearance over health. This is not new but it is an in-your-face daily bombardment with commercials, magazines, online images, movies, the fashion industry, our competitive sports focus,
additional reading:
http://www.nedic.ca/knowthefacts/statisticsArchive.shtml
Sample programs:
http://www.eatingdisordertreatment.com/discover-the-victorian/how-the-victorian-program-works
http://www.rebeccashouse.org/rebecca_about.asp
You will find some helpful information at the blog below, "Eating Disorder Treatment Options For Beginners"
http://eatingdisordertreatmentoptions.blogspot.com/
What are the effects of bulimia and the unborn fetus if you are pregnant?
Q. No, I'm not pregnant or bulimic. Just a hypothetical. What are the risks involved? Wouldn't all the nutrients you get somewhat go straight to the baby anyway?
A. Eating disorders affect approximately seven million American women each year and tend to peak during child-bearing years. Pregnancy is a time when body image concerns are more prevalent, and for those who are struggling with an eating disorder, the nine months of pregnancy can cause disorders to worsen.
Two of the most common types of eating disorders are anorexia and bulimia. Anorexia involves obsessive dieting or starvation to control weight gain. Bulimia involves binge eating and vomiting or using laxatives to rid the body of excess calories. Both types of eating disorders may negatively affect the reproductive process and pregnancy.
Find a Nutritionist for healthy eating habits
How do eating disorders affect fertility?
Eating disorders, particularly anorexia, affect fertility by reducing your chances of conceiving. Most women with anorexia do not have menstrual cycles, and approximately 50% of women struggling with bulimia do not have normal menstrual cycles. The absence of menstruation is caused by reduced calorie intake, excessive exercise, and/or psychological stress. If a woman is not having regular periods, getting pregnant can be difficult.
How do eating disorders affect pregnancy?
Eating disorders affect pregnancy negatively in a number of ways. The following complications are associated with eating disorders during pregnancy:
Premature labor
Low birth weight
Stillbirth or fetal death
Likelihood of cesarean birth
Delayed fetal growth
Respiratory problems
Gestational diabetes
Complications during labor
Depression
Miscarriage
Preeclampsia
Women who are struggling with bulimia will often gain excess weight, which places them at risk for hypertension. Women with eating disorders have higher rates of postpartum depression and are more likely to have problems with breastfeeding.
The laxatives, diuretics, and other medications taken may be harmful to the developing baby. These substances take away nutrients and fluids before they are able to feed and nourish the baby. It is possible they may lead to fetal abnormalities as well, particularly if they are used on a regular basis.
Reproductive Recommendations for Women With Eating Disorders:
If you are struggling with an eating disorder, you have an increased risk of complications, and it is recommended that you try to resolve weight and behavior problems. The good news is that the majority of women with eating disorders can have healthy babies. Also, if you gain normal weight throughout your pregnancy, there should be no greater risk of complications.
Here are some suggested guidelines for women with eating disorders who are trying to conceive or have discovered that they are pregnant:
Prior to Pregnancy:
Achieve and maintain a healthy weight.
Avoid purging.
Consult your health care provider for a pre-conception appointment.
Meet with a nutritionist and start a healthy pregnancy diet, which may include prenatal vitamins.
Seek counseling to address your eating disorder and any underlying concerns; seek both individual and group therapy.
During Pregnancy:
Schedule a prenatal visit early in your pregnancy and inform your health care provider that you have been struggling with an eating disorder.
Strive for healthy weight gain.
Eat well-balanced meals with all the appropriate nutrients.
Find a nutritionist who can help you with healthy and appropraite eating.
Avoid purging.
Seek counseling to address your eating disorder and any underlying concerns; seek both individual and group therapy.
After Pregnancy:
Continue counseling to improve physical and mental health.
Inform your safe network (health care provider, spouse, and friends) of your eating disorder and the increased risk of postpartum depression; ask them to be available after the birth.
Contact a lactation consultant to help with early breastfeeding.
Find a nutritionist who can help work with you to stay healthy, manage your weight, and invest in your baby.
Two of the most common types of eating disorders are anorexia and bulimia. Anorexia involves obsessive dieting or starvation to control weight gain. Bulimia involves binge eating and vomiting or using laxatives to rid the body of excess calories. Both types of eating disorders may negatively affect the reproductive process and pregnancy.
Find a Nutritionist for healthy eating habits
How do eating disorders affect fertility?
Eating disorders, particularly anorexia, affect fertility by reducing your chances of conceiving. Most women with anorexia do not have menstrual cycles, and approximately 50% of women struggling with bulimia do not have normal menstrual cycles. The absence of menstruation is caused by reduced calorie intake, excessive exercise, and/or psychological stress. If a woman is not having regular periods, getting pregnant can be difficult.
How do eating disorders affect pregnancy?
Eating disorders affect pregnancy negatively in a number of ways. The following complications are associated with eating disorders during pregnancy:
Premature labor
Low birth weight
Stillbirth or fetal death
Likelihood of cesarean birth
Delayed fetal growth
Respiratory problems
Gestational diabetes
Complications during labor
Depression
Miscarriage
Preeclampsia
Women who are struggling with bulimia will often gain excess weight, which places them at risk for hypertension. Women with eating disorders have higher rates of postpartum depression and are more likely to have problems with breastfeeding.
The laxatives, diuretics, and other medications taken may be harmful to the developing baby. These substances take away nutrients and fluids before they are able to feed and nourish the baby. It is possible they may lead to fetal abnormalities as well, particularly if they are used on a regular basis.
Reproductive Recommendations for Women With Eating Disorders:
If you are struggling with an eating disorder, you have an increased risk of complications, and it is recommended that you try to resolve weight and behavior problems. The good news is that the majority of women with eating disorders can have healthy babies. Also, if you gain normal weight throughout your pregnancy, there should be no greater risk of complications.
Here are some suggested guidelines for women with eating disorders who are trying to conceive or have discovered that they are pregnant:
Prior to Pregnancy:
Achieve and maintain a healthy weight.
Avoid purging.
Consult your health care provider for a pre-conception appointment.
Meet with a nutritionist and start a healthy pregnancy diet, which may include prenatal vitamins.
Seek counseling to address your eating disorder and any underlying concerns; seek both individual and group therapy.
During Pregnancy:
Schedule a prenatal visit early in your pregnancy and inform your health care provider that you have been struggling with an eating disorder.
Strive for healthy weight gain.
Eat well-balanced meals with all the appropriate nutrients.
Find a nutritionist who can help you with healthy and appropraite eating.
Avoid purging.
Seek counseling to address your eating disorder and any underlying concerns; seek both individual and group therapy.
After Pregnancy:
Continue counseling to improve physical and mental health.
Inform your safe network (health care provider, spouse, and friends) of your eating disorder and the increased risk of postpartum depression; ask them to be available after the birth.
Contact a lactation consultant to help with early breastfeeding.
Find a nutritionist who can help work with you to stay healthy, manage your weight, and invest in your baby.
What is the difference between BPD and Depression?
Q. BPD is Borderline Personality Disorder. I've take a couple quizzes and I can't really tell if I have a mood disorder or a personality disorder. So whats the difference?
A. The only true way to see if you have either one of those is to go see your doctor or talk to another professional.
Depression is very common, and you can fully recover from it with treatment.
Symptoms can include:
Feelings of hopelessness or helplessness
Difficulty concentrating
Insomnia or sleeping too much and/or fatigue
Irritability
Suicidal thoughts or actions
Changes in appetite
Body pains
BPD is treatable, but you're pretty much stuck with it. Why? It's a personality disorder. That means that it has become a part of you.
First, I want to talk about two ways that BPD can occur. One is from genetics. Another is through severe and recurring trauma. If either of these fit with you, you may be at a higher risk for BPD.
Symptoms of BPD vary with the individual case. The BPD can be high functioning or low functioning, or may act in or act out, or any combination within.
Low functioning individuals need to be told when to eat, pee, and how to do every day activities. They are so into their own world that reality seems like fiction. High functioning individuals can still do day to day activities, and most people would not believe that they have the disorder to begin with.
Those who act in are those that engage in self-damaging activities such as cutting, and suicide attempts. Those that act out do things like verbally or physically abuse the ones that they love and are heavy into impulsiveness.
Essentially, one only needs to fit into five of the nine following criteria to be considered a borderline:
1. Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment.
2. A pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation.
3. Identity disturbance: markedly and persistently unstable self-image or sense of self.
4. Impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self-damaging (e.g. spending sex, substance abuse, reckless driving, binge eating).
5. Recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats, or self-mutilating behavior.
6. Affective (mood) instability and marked reactivity to environmental situations (e.g. intense episodic depression, irritability, or anxiety usually lasting a few hours and rarely more than a few days).
7. Chronic feelings of emptiness.
8. Inappropriate, intense anger or difficulty controlling anger (e.g. frequent displays of temper, constant anger, recurrent physical fights).
9. Transient, stress-related paranoia or severe dissociative symptoms (feelings of unreality).
Please go see your doctor
Depression is very common, and you can fully recover from it with treatment.
Symptoms can include:
Feelings of hopelessness or helplessness
Difficulty concentrating
Insomnia or sleeping too much and/or fatigue
Irritability
Suicidal thoughts or actions
Changes in appetite
Body pains
BPD is treatable, but you're pretty much stuck with it. Why? It's a personality disorder. That means that it has become a part of you.
First, I want to talk about two ways that BPD can occur. One is from genetics. Another is through severe and recurring trauma. If either of these fit with you, you may be at a higher risk for BPD.
Symptoms of BPD vary with the individual case. The BPD can be high functioning or low functioning, or may act in or act out, or any combination within.
Low functioning individuals need to be told when to eat, pee, and how to do every day activities. They are so into their own world that reality seems like fiction. High functioning individuals can still do day to day activities, and most people would not believe that they have the disorder to begin with.
Those who act in are those that engage in self-damaging activities such as cutting, and suicide attempts. Those that act out do things like verbally or physically abuse the ones that they love and are heavy into impulsiveness.
Essentially, one only needs to fit into five of the nine following criteria to be considered a borderline:
1. Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment.
2. A pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation.
3. Identity disturbance: markedly and persistently unstable self-image or sense of self.
4. Impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self-damaging (e.g. spending sex, substance abuse, reckless driving, binge eating).
5. Recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats, or self-mutilating behavior.
6. Affective (mood) instability and marked reactivity to environmental situations (e.g. intense episodic depression, irritability, or anxiety usually lasting a few hours and rarely more than a few days).
7. Chronic feelings of emptiness.
8. Inappropriate, intense anger or difficulty controlling anger (e.g. frequent displays of temper, constant anger, recurrent physical fights).
9. Transient, stress-related paranoia or severe dissociative symptoms (feelings of unreality).
Please go see your doctor
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